Featured Discussions - Temple Illuminatus2024-03-29T15:00:36Zhttps://templeilluminatus.ning.com/group/survivalist/forum/topic/list?feed=yes&xn_auth=no&featured=1Electromagnetic Pulse and Geomagnetic Disturbancetag:templeilluminatus.ning.com,2023-04-25:6363372:Topic:36338662023-04-25T13:34:31.375ZRosey Crosshttps://templeilluminatus.ning.com/profile/RoseyCross692
<div class="c-page-title has-no-header"><div class="c-page-title__inner l-constrain"><div class="c-page-title__row"><div class="c-page-title__content"><h1 class="c-page-title__title"><span>Electromagnetic Pulse and Geomagnetic Disturbance…</span></h1>
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<div class="c-page-title has-no-header"><div class="c-page-title__inner l-constrain"><div class="c-page-title__row"><div class="c-page-title__content"><h1 class="c-page-title__title"><span>Electromagnetic Pulse and Geomagnetic Disturbance</span></h1>
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<div class="c-wysiwyg"><div class="l-constrain"><div class="c-wysiwyg__inner"><div class="c-field c-field--name-field-full-html c-field--type-text-long c-field--label-hidden"><div class="c-field__content"><p>Extreme electromagnetic incidents caused by an intentional electromagnetic pulse (EMP) attack or a naturally occurring geomagnetic disturbance (GMD), caused by severe space weather, could damage significant portions of the Nation's<span> </span><a href="https://www.cisa.gov/topics/critical-infrastructure-security-and-resilience/critical-infrastructure-sectors">critical infrastructure</a>, including the<span> </span><a href="https://www.cisa.gov/topics/critical-infrastructure-security-and-resilience/critical-infrastructure-sectors/energy-sector">electrical grid</a>, communications equipment, water and wastewater systems, and transportation modes. The impacts are likely to cascade, initially compromising one or more critical infrastructure sectors, spilling over into additional sectors, and expanding beyond the initial geographic regions adversely impacting millions of households and businesses.</p>
<p>For these reasons, the potential severity of both the direct and indirect impacts of an EMP or GMD incident compels our national attention.</p>
<p><img alt="" src="https://assets.gathercontent.com/NTc3MTM/zrntMx05EQA3Wez3?s=ea7012d6fdcf65160371705bd73c23c6"/></p>
<h2><a href="https://www.cisa.gov/emp-gmd#"><strong>EMP/GMD Overview</strong></a></h2>
<p>EMPs are associated with intentional attacks using high-altitude nuclear detonations, specialized conventional munitions, or non-nuclear directed energy devices. Effects vary in scale from highly local to regional to continental, depending upon the specific characteristics of the weapon and the method of attack. High-altitude electromagnetic pulse attacks (HEMP) using nuclear weapons are of most concern because they may permanently damage or disable large sections of the national electric grid and other critical infrastructure control systems.</p>
<p>Similarly, extreme GMD events associated with solar coronal mass ejections (when plasma from the sun, with its embedded magnetic field, arrives at Earth) may cause widespread and long-lasting damage to electric power systems, satellites, electronic navigation systems, and undersea cables. Essentially, any electronics system that is not protected against extreme EMP or GMD events may be subject to either the direct "shock" of the blast itself or to the damage that is inflicted on the systems and controls upon which they are dependent.</p>
<h3><strong>EMP/GMD Risk</strong></h3>
<p>Extreme EMP and GMD incidents fit into the categorization of "hard problems" - both are low probability/high consequence scenarios that challenge effective policymaking. A major electromagnetic incident caused by either EMP or GMD would pose immediate and simultaneous challenges to national and local decision-makers,<a href="https://www.cisa.gov/topics/critical-infrastructure-security-and-resilience/critical-infrastructure-sectors/sector-risk-management-agencies"><span> </span></a><a href="https://www.cisa.gov/sector-specific-agencies">Sector-Specific Agencies</a>, private sector critical infrastructure owner-operators, and emergency managers at all levels of government.</p>
<p>HEMP attacks by an adversary with basic nuclear weapons and missile capabilities may be disruptive on a regional scale, but are unlikely to cause catastrophic damage to the U.S. electric grid on a continental scale. Adversaries with highly developed nuclear capabilities might cause widespread harm to U.S. infrastructure with complex HEMP attacks in the context of an escalating international conflict.</p>
<p>Space weather phenomena are relatively well understood within the scientific community, but the historical rarity of extreme GMD events limits availability of data useful for predictive analysis. Past events, such as the<span> </span><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/sun_darkness.html">1989 solar storm</a><span> </span>that led to the interruption of power in much of Quebec for nearly nine hours, offer proof of the disruptive potential of GMD, as well as their potential to cascade impacts across critical infrastructure sectors and geographic regions.</p>
<h2><a href="https://www.cisa.gov/emp-gmd#"><strong>Executive Order 13865</strong></a></h2>
<p><a href="https://www.cisa.gov/resources-tools/programs/blank">On March 26, 2019, the<span> </span></a><a href="https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2019/03/29/2019-06325/coordinating-national-resilience-to-electromagnetic-pulses">Executive Order (E.O.) 13865 on Coordinating National Resilience to Electromagnetic Pulses</a><span> </span>was signed. The E.O. charges the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) with coordinating national resilience, preparedness, and response from an EMP and GMD event.</p>
<p>The tenants of E.O. 13865 are codified in Section 1740 of<span> </span><a href="https://www.congress.gov/116/crpt/hrpt333/CRPT-116hrpt333.pdf">National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020</a><span> </span>and align to several of the requirements of<span> </span><a href="https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2016/10/18/2016-25290/coordinating-efforts-to-prepare-the-nation-for-space-weather-events">E.O. 13744: Coordinating Efforts to Prepare the Nation for Space Weather Events</a>—both of which requires DHS along with other federal agencies to coordinate response and recovery efforts to mitigate the effects of EMPs and GMDs, including extreme space weather events, on critical infrastructure.</p>
<p>CISA is leading the Department's effort by working with the DHS Science and Technology Directorate (S&T), Department of Energy (DOE), Department of Defense (DoD), Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), and state and local utility owners/operators to concurrently understand EMP/GMD effects and footprint, and coordinate solutions to reduce risk.</p>
<h2><a href="https://www.cisa.gov/emp-gmd#"><strong>Building Long-term Resiliency</strong></a></h2>
<p>CISA, through the<span> </span><a href="https://www.cisa.gov/national-risk-management">National Risk Management Center (NRMC)</a>, works with government and industry partners to execute the Department's EMP/GMD Strategy. The Strategy's three goals are:</p>
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<li>Improve Risk Awareness of Electromagnetic Threats and Hazards;</li>
<li>Enhance Capabilities to Protect Critical Infrastructure;</li>
<li>Promote Effective Electromagnetic-Incident Response and Recovery Efforts.</li>
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<p>Major ongoing initiatives include partnering with public and private sector entities through the<span> </span><a href="https://www.jbsa.mil/News/News/Article/2211149/sa-emd-participants-meet-to-discuss-progress-5g-implementation">San Antonio Electromagnetic Defense Initiative</a>, partnering with the DOE and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission to ensure the safety of nuclear power plants, and identifying EMP protection/mitigation technologies to set the conditions for future testing.</p>
<h2><a href="https://www.cisa.gov/emp-gmd#"><strong>EMP/GMD Resources</strong></a></h2>
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<li><a href="https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/publications/emp-program-status-report_508.pdf">EMP Program Status Report</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/publications/19_0307_CISA_EMP-Protection-Resilience-Guidelines.pdf" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">EMP Protection and Resilience Guidelines for Critical Infrastructure Equipment</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.dhs.gov/publication/protecting-and-preparing-homeland-against-threats-electromagnetic-pulse-and-geomagnetic">Protecting and Preparing the Homeland Against Threats of EMP and GMD</a></li>
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<h3><strong>Additional Resources</strong></h3>
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<li><a href="http://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2019/06/f64/DOE_GMD_Monitoring_January2019_508v2.pdf">U.S. DOE Report: GMD Monitoring Approach and Implementation Strategies</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/news/national-space-weather-strategy-and-action-plan-released-0">National Space Weather Strategy and Action Plan</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.nationalacademies.org/documents/embed/link/LF2255DA3DD1C41C0A42D3BEF0989ACAECE3053A6A9B/file/DDB6972D3208DE504F03D3D8534CF19005CB18F8AC84" class="ext">Research and Development Needs for Improving Resilience to Electromagnetic Pulse</a></li>
<li>LINK: <a href="https://www.cisa.gov/resources-tools/programs/electromagnetic-pulse-and-geomagnetic-disturbance">https://www.cisa.gov/resources-tools/programs/electromagnetic-pulse-and-geomagnetic-disturbance</a>.</li>
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</div> So You Want to Eat a Tree... A guide to ingesting bark, cambium, leaves, flowers, and buds.tag:templeilluminatus.ning.com,2020-04-19:6363372:Topic:35153662020-04-19T21:27:38.166ZSunKathttps://templeilluminatus.ning.com/profile/SunKat
<p><span class="article-byline">By <a href="http://www.atlasobscura.com/users/taotaoholmes?view=articles">Tao Tao Holmes</a></span><span> </span></p>
<div class="detail-sm article-byline-date">MAY 20, 2016</div>
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<div class="detail-sm article-byline-date"><p class="p1" style="text-align: center;"><span class="font-size-4">Trees provide us with lots to eat―all kinds of nuts, fruits, and berries,…</span></p>
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<p><span class="article-byline">By <a href="http://www.atlasobscura.com/users/taotaoholmes?view=articles">Tao Tao Holmes</a></span><span> </span></p>
<div class="detail-sm article-byline-date">MAY 20, 2016</div>
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<div class="detail-sm article-byline-date"><p class="p1" style="text-align: center;"><span class="font-size-4">Trees provide us with lots to eat―all kinds of nuts, fruits, and berries, not to mention maple syrup. But what about the other stuff: can we eat the trees themselves?</span></p>
<p class="p1" style="text-align: center;"><span class="font-size-4">It turns out we sure can. While trees should not be your go-to forager's fare (in fact, they’re more of a famine food), their different parts can be repurposed into all kinds of nibbles, often venturing into the gourmet.</span></p>
<p class="p1" style="text-align: center;"><span class="font-size-4">We chatted with several dedicated foragers to get the inside scoop on how best to eat trees. Here's a guide to what we found: the edible parts of trees.</span></p>
<p class="p1"><span><a href="http://assets.atlasobscura.com/article_images/29263/image.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img src="http://assets.atlasobscura.com/article_images/29263/image.jpg" class="align-center"/></a></span></p>
<p class="p1" style="text-align: center;"><em><strong>Sassafras roots and bark are used to make different teas and beer. (Photo: <a href="http://the3foragers.blogspot.com/">The 3 Foragers</a>)</strong></em></p>
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<p class="p1" style="text-align: center;"><span class="font-size-4"><strong>Cambium<br/></strong> Cambium is the layer of inner bark between the hard wood and the rough, papery outer bark: it’s a soft, moist, paler layer, the part of the trunk that is actively growing. It’s nutrient rich, and if you taste it, can actually be sweet, though the taste can vary a lot from tree to tree. The cambium of hundreds of trees―most, in fact―is edible, and can be harvested throughout all four seasons.</span></p>
<p class="p1" style="text-align: center;"><span class="font-size-4">If you’re desperate, or just curious, you can try chewing it, kind of like gum. More palatable, perhaps, is if you shred cambium into strips and boil it, to soften the texture and taste, or turn it into chips or bark jerky by frying it in oil or butter. Dry roasting can create an almost crouton-like salad topping. However, it’s most commonly (and historically) repurposed as a flour: dried and then pounded into a powder, which can then be used in breads and baking, and added to other flours.</span></p>
<p class="p1" style="text-align: center;"><span class="font-size-4">But you won't last long on cambium alone, and if you eat too much of it, you’ll definitely upset your bowels. Naturalist and self-declared "Wildman" Steve Brill says that if you’re trying to survive on cambium, you have no idea what you’re doing.</span></p>
<p class="p1"><span><a href="http://assets.atlasobscura.com/article_images/29313/image.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img src="http://assets.atlasobscura.com/article_images/29313/image.jpg" class="align-center"/></a></span></p>
<p class="p1" style="text-align: center;"><em><strong>Just pluck it off and pop it in your mouth. (Photo: <a href="http://the3foragers.blogspot.com/">The 3 Foragers</a>)</strong></em></p>
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<p class="p2" style="text-align: center;"><span class="font-size-4"><strong>Spruce Tips<br/></strong> Delivering a strong taste of pine and citrus, spruce tips are easy to gather and currently in season. You’ll find them on evergreens, such as the spruce and pine, as the trees are growing their new needles for the year. Those small, young, soft bits at the end of branches―a lighter color than the matured needles―are fully edible, and tender enough to just eat them on the spot. Karen Monger, who runs a <a href="http://the3foragers.blogspot.com/">website</a> devoted to family foraging, says that her kids like to chew them plain.</span></p>
<p class="p2" style="text-align: center;"><span class="font-size-4">You can also candy them, or use them to infuse a sugar or salt by mashing them with mortar and pestle; adding a cupful of spruce tips while baking scones or shortbread adds a really interesting flavor, says Debbie Naha, a naturalist and nutritionist who specializes in wild edible plants.</span></p>
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<p class="p2" style="text-align: center;"><span class="font-size-4">Though spruce tips are only available in spring, pine needles are perennial, and you can give the needles of the white pine a quick chop and simmer to make tea, which Naha notes is a good source of Vitamin C.</span></p>
<p class="p2"><span><a href="http://assets.atlasobscura.com/article_images/29314/image.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img src="http://assets.atlasobscura.com/article_images/29314/image.jpg" class="align-center"/></a></span></p>
<p class="p2" style="text-align: center;"><em><strong>Alder bark can be used as a bittering agent for primitive beer and also to provide a reddish color. (Photo: Pascal Baudar)</strong></em></p>
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<p class="p1" style="text-align: center;"><span class="font-size-4"><strong>Outer bark<br/></strong> While today, bark is not seen as a viable or appealing food source, you might be surprised to know that the name “Adirondack”―best known for the mountain range, but also the name of a Native American tribe―derives from the Mohawk Indian word <a href="http://www.catskill.net/purple/sulavik.htm">atirú:taks</a>, which actually means “tree eaters.” It appears to have been a<a href="http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Adirondack_Mountains#cite_note-0">derogatory term</a> used on neighboring Algonquian tribes who would resort to buds and bark when food was scarce.</span></p>
<p class="p2" style="text-align: center;"><span class="font-size-4">Bark flour has made numerous cameos as an emergency food; for example, during World War I, there’s <a href="http://www.apple.com/">evidence</a> of ground birch bark being added to enhance rations. During World War II, since flour was expensive, wood chip powder was regularly used as a filler.</span></p>
<p class="p2"><a href="http://assets.atlasobscura.com/article_images/29255/image.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img src="http://assets.atlasobscura.com/article_images/29255/image.jpg" class="align-center"/></a></p>
<p class="p2" style="text-align: center;"><em><strong>The bark of the black birch has strongly wintergreen-flavored inner bark and twigs, that can be made into birch beer, used to flavor drinks and desserts. (Photo: <a href="http://the3foragers.blogspot.com/">The 3 Foragers</a>)</strong></em></p>
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<p class="p2" style="text-align: center;"><span class="font-size-4">Sassafras bark and root are used to make the traditional Southern tea, as well as traditional root beer. The bark of the hickory nut tree can be stripped off and boiled into a simple syrup, that boasts an earthy, nutty flavor and can be added to breakfast foods and baked meats.</span></p>
<p class="p2" style="text-align: center;"><span class="font-size-4">Birch bark can be used as a flavoring, providing a sweet, wintergreen kind of taste. In parts of Scandinavia, pine bark is reduced to powder and made into cookies with the subtle flavor of Christmas. The ponderosa pine, for example, smells distinctly of vanilla.</span></p>
<p class="p2"><a href="http://assets.atlasobscura.com/article_images/29322/image.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img src="http://assets.atlasobscura.com/article_images/29322/image.jpg" class="align-center"/></a></p>
<p class="p2" style="text-align: center;"><em><strong>Pascal Baudar's shrimp cooked in eucalyptus bark with mountain spices such as white fir and manzanita berries. (Photo: Pascal Baudar)</strong></em></p>
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<p class="p1" style="text-align: center;"><span class="font-size-4">In the middle ages, a lot of bitter barks were used to make beer, as well as being used for dyes, says Pascal Baudar, a professional forager and wild food consultant. Baudar likes to roast bark and use it in vinegar, which imparts a smoky, aged taste. </span></p>
<p class="p1" style="text-align: center;"><span class="font-size-4">He’ll sometimes smoke and roast old bark and put it in sauerkraut, or he might infuse the bark with beer or white wine and use it cook fish. Baudar also uses bark as part of his concoction to make bitters, but a lot of the time, he simply uses bark to plate the food, rather than as an ingredient itself.</span></p>
<p class="p1"><span><a href="http://assets.atlasobscura.com/article_images/29260/image.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img src="http://assets.atlasobscura.com/article_images/29260/image.jpg" class="align-center"/></a></span></p>
<p class="p1" style="text-align: center;"><em><strong>Linden tree bracts and flowers, which make an aromatic and relaxing herbal tea. (Photo: <a href="http://the3foragers.blogspot.com/">The 3 Foragers</a>)</strong></em></p>
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<p class="p1" style="text-align: center;"><span class="font-size-4"><strong>Leaves<br/></strong> To answer your burning question: yes, you can make trees into salad. The young, tender leaves of trees like the beech, birch, Chinese elm, fennel, mulberry, hawthorne, sassafras, and linden can be tossed into a salad, though some are better tasting than others. You can also pick and eat them fresh off the tree.</span></p>
<p class="p1" style="text-align: center;"><span class="font-size-4">Steven Brill has used the very young leaves of white oak trees to make wine (the best wild wine he’s ever made, he says). Leaves, like cambium, have also served as a famine food in the past, as well as being used for medicinal purposes. </span></p>
<p class="p1"><span><a href="http://assets.atlasobscura.com/article_images/29257/image.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img src="http://assets.atlasobscura.com/article_images/29257/image.jpg" class="align-center"/></a></span></p>
<p class="p1" style="text-align: center;"><em><strong>Black locust flowers, equally beautiful and delicious, can be used to make sweet and fragrant crepes, doughnuts, drinks, and custards—though all other parts of the tree are toxic. (Photo: <a href="http://the3foragers.blogspot.com/">The 3 Foragers</a>)</strong></em></p>
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<p class="p1" style="text-align: center;"><span class="font-size-4"><strong>Flowers <br/></strong> A number of trees grow delicious flowers. Right now, says Naha, the redbud tree boasts beautiful and very nutritious pink flowers, which are packed with antioxidants. And, if you miss your window, you’re still in luck: when the flowers fade, they turn into tiny pods, which can be cooked and eaten like snow peas.</span></p>
<p class="p1" style="text-align: center;"><span class="font-size-4">The flowers of the linden tree are the most famous, used in various calming teas and cordials. Those of the black locust are also scrumptious, though be careful―they’re the only part of that tree that isn’t toxic.</span></p>
<p class="p1"><span><a href="http://assets.atlasobscura.com/article_images/29261/image.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img src="http://assets.atlasobscura.com/article_images/29261/image.jpg" class="align-center"/></a></span></p>
<p class="p1" style="text-align: center;"><em><strong>Pine pollen, apparently high in testosterone, is used as a dietary supplement, added to baked goods and smoothies. (Photo: <a href="http://the3foragers.blogspot.com/">The 3 Foragers</a>)</strong></em></p>
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<p class="p1" style="text-align: center;"><span class="font-size-4"><strong>Other comestibles<br/></strong> Maple trees are not the only trees from which you can collect sap. People sometimes tap birch, black walnut, and hickory trees, though their sap has a lower sugar concentration than that of the maple, which makes transformation into syrup too much of a hassle.</span></p>
<p class="p1" style="text-align: center;"><span class="font-size-4">Pine trees boast a cornucopia of edible parts. Not only can the cambium, needles, and tips be used in food, but pine cones―the young, male ones―are also edible. The male cones are small and soft, in contrast with their tougher female counterparts. In fact, they are less cones and more clusters (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strobilus">strobilus</a>). On top of that, pine pollen is also collected for use as a dietary supplement.</span></p>
<p class="p1" style="text-align: center;"><span class="font-size-4">As for all those tree branches? The twigs of some trees, like the birch and spice bush, can be scratched to extract flavor for drinks, puddings, and sorbets, according to Monger, of The 3 Foragers blog.</span></p>
<p class="p1"><span><a href="http://assets.atlasobscura.com/article_images/29262/image.jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img src="http://assets.atlasobscura.com/article_images/29262/image.jpg?width=500" width="500" class="align-center"/></a></span></p>
<p class="p1" style="text-align: center;"><em><strong>Homemade sassafras root beer. (Photo: <a href="http://the3foragers.blogspot.com/">The 3 Foragers</a>)</strong></em></p>
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<p class="p1" style="text-align: center;"><span class="font-size-4">There’s definitely a learning curve―don’t just set off into the nearest forest and start tasting plants. While the bark and cambium of most trees is edible, or at least harmless, there are also toxic ones loaded with tannin and cyanide, like in yew and cherry trees.</span></p>
<p class="p1" style="text-align: center;"><span class="font-size-4">The ultimate toxic tree is the deadly <a href="http://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/whatever-you-do-do-not-eat-touch-or-even-inhale-the-air-around-the-manchineel-tree">manchineel</a>, which you should not touch or even go near. You should also be mindful of the trees themselves; when you are harvesting the inner bark, you must make sure not to strip off an entire ring or you’ll kill the tree, cutting off the irrigation system that allows water from the roots to reach the leaves. Brill says that you’d have to be a very particular kind of herbivore―one who specializes in browsing rather than grazing―to really make food out of trees.</span></p>
<p class="p1" style="text-align: center;"><span class="font-size-4">And while the internet provides all kinds of field guides, foraging blogs and apps, your best move is to find a forager in your area and go out with them. Dedicated foragers go out nearly every day, and they know exactly where to look―which means that for the most part, you won’t be looking at trees. </span></p>
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<p class="p1" style="text-align: center;"><span><em><a href="http://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/so-you-want-to-eat-a-tree" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/so-you-want-to-eat-a-tree</a><br/></em></span></p>
</div> Natural medications we can make at hometag:templeilluminatus.ning.com,2019-05-18:6363372:Topic:34680872019-05-18T23:07:08.942ZKathy Winkler Pullinhttps://templeilluminatus.ning.com/profile/KathyWinklerPullin
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